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I am Andrew Allen and I talk about history. Here is a link to my Patreon if you want to support me. https://www.patreon.com/user?u=50989530
Episodes
Wednesday Feb 24, 2021
Wednesday Feb 24, 2021
The Cathar Crusade, a crusade against non-violent followers of a different form of Christianity, lasted from 1209 to 1229, and resulted in the conquest of the Toulouse region by the French king, the establishment of papal domination over the Christian church in Europe and the creation of the Papal Inquisition, basically the first secret police. This introduction provides a quick summary of the series, and the key areas that will be covered.
Image Credit:
Pope Innocent III excommunicating the Albigensians (left). Massacre against the Albigensians by the Crusaders (right).
By Chroniques de Saint-Denis - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=43733, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13305991
Friday Feb 12, 2021
Friday Feb 12, 2021
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part XII examines Prince Louis' attempt to claim the throne of England following the death of John.
Cast of Characters:
John-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Philip II-king of France, John's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Louis-Philip's eldest son, count of Artois
Blanche-daughter of Alfonso and Eleanor of England, and Louis' wife
William Marshal-earl of Pembroke, leading noble in the Angevin federation
William Longsword-earl of Salisbury, John's half-brother
Eustace de Vesci-lord of Alnwick and a major leader of the barons' revolt
Robert Fitzwalter-a powerful baron and major leader of the barons' revolt
Stephen Langton-archbishop of Canterbury
Simon Langton-archbishop of York and Stephen Langton's brother
Innocent III-Pope
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John, Treachery and Tyranny in Medieval England: the Road to Magna Carta-Marc Morris
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
King John-W.L. Warren
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Blood Cries Afar: The Magna Carta Wars and the Invasion of England 1215-1217-Sean McGlynn
Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England-Catherine Hanley
The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages-John W. Baldwin
Magna Carta: The True Story Behind the Charter-David Starkey
Magna Carta: The Birth of Liberty-Dan Jones
1215: The Year of Magna Carta-Danny Danziger & John Gillingham
Making a Living in the Middle Ages: The People of Britain 850-1520-Christopher Dyer
The Medieval World: Europe 1100-1350-Friedrich Heer, translated by Janet Sondheimer
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Thursday Jan 28, 2021
Thursday Jan 28, 2021
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part XI examines the English barons' revolt against John which led to the Magna Carta and then Prince Louis' attempt to claim the throne of England.
Cast of Characters:
John-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Philip II-king of France, John's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Louis-Philip's eldest son, count of Artois
Blanche-daughter of Alfonso and Eleanor of England, and Louis' wife
William Marshal-earl of Pembroke, leading noble in the Angevin federation
William Longsword-earl of Salisbury, John's half-brother
Eustace de Vesci-lord of Alnwick and a major leader of the barons' revolt
Robert Fitzwalter-a powerful baron and major leader of the barons' revolt
Stephen Langton-archbishop of Canterbury
Simon Langton-archbishop of York and Stephen Langton's brother
Innocent III-Pope
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John, Treachery and Tyranny in Medieval England: the Road to Magna Carta-Marc Morris
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
King John-W.L. Warren
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Blood Cries Afar: The Magna Carta Wars and the Invasion of England 1215-1217-Sean McGlynn
Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England-Catherine Hanley
The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages-John W. Baldwin
Magna Carta: The True Story Behind the Charter-David Starkey
Magna Carta: The Birth of Liberty-Dan Jones
1215: The Year of Magna Carta-Danny Danziger & John Gillingham
Making a Living in the Middle Ages: The People of Britain 850-1520-Christopher Dyer
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Thursday Jan 21, 2021
Thursday Jan 21, 2021
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part X examines John's feud with the Church and attempt to build a coalition of allies to retake his lands.
Cast of Characters:
John-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Philip II-king of France, John's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Louis-Philip's eldest son, count of Artois
Blanche-daughter of Alfonso and Eleanor of England, and Louis' wife
Ingeborg-Philip's estranged wife, sister of King Cnut VI of Denmark
William Marshal-earl of Pembroke, leading noble in the Angevin federation
William Longsword-earl of Salisbury, John's half-brother
Otto-king of Germany, John's nephew
Baldwin IX-Count of Flanders and Hainaut
Ferrand-Count of Flanders
Renaud-Count of Boulogne
Innocent III-Pope
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John, Treachery and Tyranny in Medieval England: the Road to Magna Carta-Marc Morris
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
King John-W.L. Warren
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Medieval Flanders-David Nicholas
Blood Cries Afar: The Magna Carta Wars and the Invasion of England 1215-1217-Sean McGlynn
Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England-Catherine Hanley
Image Credit:
King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Thursday Jan 14, 2021
Thursday Jan 14, 2021
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part IX examines the civil war between John and Arthur of Brittany following Richard's death.
Cast of Characters:
John-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and John's mother
Joan-former queen of Sicily and John's sister
Constance-duchess of Brittany and John's sister-in-law
Arthur-Constance's only son
Philip II-king of France, John's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Louis-Philip's eldest son
Ingeborg-Philip's estranged wife, sister of King Cnut VI of Denmark
William Marshal-earl of Pembroke, leading noble in the Angevin federation
Guilliame des Roches-seneschal of Anjou
Baldwin IX-Count of Flanders and Hainaut
Alfonso VIII-King of Castile, John's brother-in-law
Blanche-daughter of Alfonso and Eleanor of England
Innocent III-Pope
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John, Treachery and Tyranny in Medieval England: the Road to Magna Carta-Marc Morris
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
King John-W.L. Warren
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Medieval Flanders-David Nicholas
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Thursday Jan 07, 2021
Thursday Jan 07, 2021
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and was succeeded by his son Richard I. Part VIII examines Richard's capture on his return from Palestine and his struggle to evict King Philip of France from Normandy.
Cast of Characters:
Richard I-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and Richard's mother
John-Richard's only living brother
Joan-former queen of Sicily and Richard's sister
Constance-duchess of Brittany and Richard's sister-in-law
Arthur-Constance's only son
Philip II-king of France, Richard's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Adela-dowager Queen of France, mother of Philip
Henry I-Count of Champagne, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Theobald V-Count of Blois, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip, would-be suitor/kidnapper of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Stephen I-Count of Sancerre, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Alys-daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile
Philip I-Count of Flanders
Tancred-King of Sicily
Henry VI-King of Germany
Leopold-Duke of Austria
Baldwin IX-Count of Flanders and Hainaut
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Richard I-John Gillingham
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Medieval Flanders-David Nicholas
Image Credit:
King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Thursday Dec 31, 2020
Thursday Dec 31, 2020
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part VII examines Richard the Lionheart and his involvement in the Third Crusade.
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Cast of Characters:
Richard I-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and Richard's mother
John-Richard's only living brother
Joan-former queen of Sicily and Richard's sister
Constance-duchess of Brittany and Richard's sister-in-law
Arthur-Constance's only son
Philip II-king of France, Richard's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Adela-dowager Queen of France, mother of Philip
Henry I-Count of Champagne, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Theobald V-Count of Blois, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip, would-be suitor/kidnapper of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Stephen I-Count of Sancerre, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Alys-daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile
Philip I-Count of Flanders
Tancred-King of Sicily
Isaac Comnenus-Emperor of Cyprus
Saladin-Sultan of Egypt
Guy de Lusignan-King of Jerusalem
Conrad of Montferrat-Lord of Tyre
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Richard I-John Gillingham
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England-Catherine Hanley
The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194, The Normans in Sicily Volume II-John Julius Norwich
Thursday Dec 24, 2020
Thursday Dec 24, 2020
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part VI examines the Fall of the King, when Henry's constant scheming drove Richard to ally with King Philip of France against his father.
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Cast of Characters:
Henry II-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and Henry's wife
Henry the Younger-the heir of Henry II, King of England
Richard-Henry's oldest living son, duke of Aquitaine
Geoffrey-Henry's second-oldest living son, duke of Brittany
John-Henry's third-oldest living son
Constance-duchess of Brittany and Geoffrey's wife
Philip II-king of France, Henry's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Adela-dowager Queen of France, mother of Philip
Henry I-Count of Champagne, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Theobald V-Count of Blois, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip, would-be suitor/kidnapper of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Stephen I-Count of Sancerre, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Philip
Alys-daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile
Philip I-Count of Flanders
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Henry II-W.L. Warren
Henry Plantagenet-Richard Barber
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
King John and the Road to Magna Carta-Stephen Church
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158-1203-J.A. Everard
The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages-John W. Baldwin
Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World 1066-1216-Eljas Oksanen
Medieval Flanders-David Nicholas
Wednesday Dec 16, 2020
Wednesday Dec 16, 2020
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part V examines the Death of the Heir, when Henry's heir Henry the Younger became restless due to his lack of responsibility, and revolted again against his father.
Cast of Characters:
Henry II-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and Henry's wife
Henry the Younger-the heir of Henry II, King of England
Richard-Henry's second-oldest son, duke of Aquitaine
Geoffrey-Henry's third-oldest son, duke of Brittany
John-Henry's fourth-oldest son
Louis VII-King of France, Eleanor's ex-husband, Henry's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Adela-Queen of France, mother of Philip
Philip II-heir to Louis, then king of France
Henry I-Count of Champagne, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Louis
Theobald V-Count of Blois, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Louis, would-be suitor/kidnapper of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Stephen I-Count of Sancerre, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Louis
Philip I-Count of Flanders
Hugh Bigod-Earl of Norfolk, former steward of King Henry I of England, supporter of King Stephen, then supporter of Empress Matilda, leading noble in East Anglia
Aimar V-Viscount of Limoges, repeat rebel against Duke Richard in Aquitaine
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Henry II-W.L. Warren
Henry Plantagenet-Richard Barber
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
Henry the Young King 1155-1183-Matthew Strickland
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158-1203-J.A. Everard
The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages-John W. Baldwin
Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World 1066-1216-Eljas Oksanen
Medieval Flanders-David Nicholas
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475
Wednesday Sep 16, 2020
Wednesday Sep 16, 2020
The Devil's Brood examines the Angevin Dynasty, otherwise known as the Plantagenets, which ruled over England and the greater part of France until John lost most of the family lands in Europe. Henry II was the first Angevin king of England, and Part IV examines the Great Revolt, when Henry's sons revolted against him, allying with several powerful English earls and the kings of France and Scotland.
Cast of Characters:
Henry II-King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou
Eleanor of Aquitaine-Duchess of Aquitaine and Henry's wife
Thomas Becket-Chancellor of England, then Archbishop of Canterbury, then martyr
Henry the Younger-the heir of Henry II, King of England
Richard-Henry's second-oldest son
Geoffrey-Henry's third-oldest son
John-Henry's fourth-oldest son
Louis VII-King of France, Eleanor's ex-husband, Henry's nominal overlord for Normandy, Aquitaine and Anjou
Henry I-Count of Champagne, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Louis
Theobald V-Count of Blois, Adela's brother, vassal and rival to Louis, would-be suitor/kidnapper of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Philip-Count of Flanders
Matthew-Count of Boulogne, Philip's younger brother
Hugh Bigod-Earl of Norfolk, former steward of King Henry I of England, supporter of King Stephen, then supporter of Empress Matilda, leading noble in East Anglia
Robert de Beaumont-Earl of Leicester, holder of many lands in England and Normandy
William the Lion-King of Scotland
Sources:
The Plantagenets: the Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England-Dan Jones
The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, the Power Behind Five English Thrones-Thomas Asbridge
Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire-Richard Huscroft
Henry II-W.L. Warren
Henry Plantagenet-Richard Barber
The Restless Kings: Henry II, His Sons and the War for the Plantagenet Crown-Nick Barratt
Henry the Young King 1155-1183-Matthew Strickland, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.
Richard I-John Gillingham, London: Yale University Press, 2002.
Lionheart & Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest-Frank McLynn, London: Vintage Books, 2007.
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life-Alison Weir
Thomas Becket: Warrior, Priest, Rebel, Victim, A 900-Year-Old Story Retold-John Guy
The Angevin Empire-John Gillingham
Angevin England 1154-1258-Richard Mortimer
The Plantagenet Empire: 1154-1224, Martin Aurell, translated from the French by David Crouch
Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158-1203-J.A. Everard
Image Credit: King Henry II and his chlidren (left to right: William, Henry the young King, Richard Lionheart, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleonor, Joan, John Lackland)
By Anonymus - http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=49987, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14711475